In Newen and Montemayor’s evolutionary framework, basic arousal developed first. It’s like nature’s security alarm, warning ...

The origins of consciousness date back about 540 million years ago, when animal bodies became more complex. Feelings like pleasure and pain act as a "common currency" for decision-making, as we see in ...

Is consciousness everywhere? In every rock and atom? That is what panpsychists like the philosopher Philip Goff believe. They ...

Why did the experience of consciousness evolve from our underlying brain physiology? Despite being a vibrant area of neuroscience, current research on consciousness is characterised by disagreement ...

There is still no agreement among philosophers, biologists, neuroscientists and computer scientists over what properties unambiguously identify consciousness. There is still uncertainty over ...