Learn how the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) assesses Apple's stock, offering insights into expected annual returns and systematic risk evaluation with a 6.25% estimation.

Investing can often feel like navigating a maze of endless options and ever-shifting market conditions. This is where the Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) comes in, offering a roadmap for making smarter ...

Also called the “permanent portfolio”, it was devised in the 1980s by Harry Browne, an investment adviser who also ran twice ...

Download PDF More Formats on IMF eLibrary Order a Print Copy Create Citation The economic literature has long attributed non-zero expected excess returns in currency markets to time-varying risk ...

Learn how to diversify your investment portfolio with different securities and asset classes to minimize risk and enhance ...

A central question in equity valuation is, why do stock valuation ratios (like price/earnings) differ so widely across companies? Ricardo Delao, Xiao Han, and Sean Myers, authors of "The Return of ...

The implicit leverage mechanism inside GDE makes it a puzzle piece of my portfolio that I had been looking for some time. The structure built around GDE allows the introduction of gold’s functions ...

Portfolio optimization is selecting the best possible allocation of assets to maximize the expected return for a given level of risk. This involves looking at the expected returns, volatility, and ...