I love new security testing tools. There is nothing quite like finding some magical bits of code allowing you to use and abuse protocols in unique and unnatural ways. I was introduced to Loki at ...

Bitcoin, the pioneering cryptocurrency that has captured global attention, conceals a multifaceted framework called the Bitcoin Protocol Stack beneath its digital facade. In this enlightening article, ...

Layer-3 blockchains refer to a layer of blockchain technology built on top of base layers to provide customized application-specific blockchains tailored to users’ needs. Typically, L2s intend to ...

The rapid maturation of blockchain infrastructure has pushed developers to explore architectures capable of delivering speed, flexibility ...

While layer-2 protocols have been focused on “scalability,” layer-3 protocols would serve a much different purpose, says Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin. While Ethereum-based layer-2 solutions ...

Overview Layer-3 blockchains are emerging as the next evolution in scaling beyond Layer-2, offering custom environments for decentralised apps (dApps) to run fa ...

As blockchain use grows, the importance of scalability in the blockchain ecosystem becomes clearer. Blockchain networks can accept new applications and a higher number of transactions with the ...

A network device that forwards traffic based on layer 3 information at very high speeds. Traditionally, routers, which inspect layer 3, were considerably slower than layer 2 switches. In order to ...

As important as Spanning Tree has been to the acceptance and spread of Ethernet, making it possible to link Ethernet segments without creating loops and packet storms, its inventor, Radia Perlman, ...