Prelude: The beginning of Islam and the end of antiquity -- Part I: Conquest, 700-820 -- An opening -- Trouble in paradise -- The falcon of the Quraysh -- A new emirate -- Part II: Transformation, 820 ...
Madrid is best known today as the capital of Spain. Yet long before it gained this status, it was founded in the 9th century as a Muslim city by the Umayyad rulers of Al-Andalus. This origin, and the ...