The easiest way is a cut test. Take random samples of ~10 fruits/seeds and cut them in half to see if solid. Many maples, ...

Drawing inspiration from the seed structure of the South African geranium (Pelargonium appendiculatum), which changes shape in response to environmental humidity, researchers at the Istituto Italiano ...

Land-use change modifies the spatial structure of tropical landscapes, shaping global biodiversity patterns. Yet, it remains unknown how key ecological processes, such as seed dispersal, can be ...