The study of reflexivity in late modernity examines the dynamic interplay between individual consciousness and broader societal structures. This field investigates how self-conscious individuals ...

Physicists have known for decades that the process of observing and measuring phenomena changes those very phenomena—the so-called “observer effect." It does not even matter whether the “observer” is ...

How does market reflexivity amplify volatility? Learn why self-reinforcing feedback loops between investor belief and price action create explosive crypto bubbles and crashes.