Yet it was frequently discussed in a language that is more resonant of the Middle Ages than the scientific laboratory.

♪ ♪ ♪ The Middle Ages spanned 1,000 years, from 500 to 1500. The first half was a time of relative poverty and economic stagnation. But then around the year 1000, Europe rebounded, fueled by ...

What life in medieval Europe was really like. Did people bathe? ... Despite the era’s dark reputation, though, everything from scholarship to art and technology thrived during the Middle Ages.

Installation view of The Fantasy of the Middle Ages at the Getty Center. Pictured: “Dragon in Bestiary” (c. 1270), “Sinbad the Sailor” In One Thousand and One Nights (Egypt, 1700s), and ...

European bison, also known as wisent, died out in the wild in Western Europe in the Middle Ages. The animals currently in the trial herd consist of a four-year-old bull, ...

As Martyn Rady informs us in “The Middle Kingdoms,” “invasion is a recurrent theme in Central Europe’s history,” lying, as the region does, between the powers of France and Germany in ...

In this episode, we travel back to Europe's Early Middle Ages, its turmoil, its triumphs, and the fine art of more advanced civilizations on Europe's fringes. Thanks for joining us.