AI data centers need to move lots of information quickly, and the demand for faster data transmission is only growing. Over ...

Modulation is the process of converting data into radio waves by adding information to an electronic or optical carrier signal. A carrier signal is one with a steady waveform (a constant amplitude and ...

QAM is used to achieve greater spectrum efficiency. This is accomplished by utilizing both the amplitude and phase components to modulate, or alter, the waveform. In this scenario, the QAM waveform ...

We recently saw how certain audio power amplifiers can be used as oscillators. This Design Idea shows how those same parts can be used for simple amplitude modulation, which is trickier than it might ...

Pulse density modulation (PDM) is a compact digital audio format used in devices like MEMS microphones and embedded systems. This compact primer eases you into the essentials of PDM audio. Let’s begin ...

Copper cabling has been the workhorse for moving data inside of AI and HPC data centers, but fiber is nipping at its heels. Optics brings three possible bandwidth multipliers — wavelength-division ...

Many projects on these pages do clever things with video. Whether it’s digital or analogue, it’s certain our community can push a humble microcontroller to the limit of its capability. But sometimes ...

Via drilling is a critical process in printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, where small holes, known as vias, are created to establish electrical connections between different layers of the board ...